3903. Inverse Coin Change

Medium
Array
Dynamic Programming

Description

You are given a 1-indexed integer array numWays, where numWays[i] represents the number of ways to select a total amount i using an infinite supply of some fixed coin denominations. Each denomination is a positive integer with value at most numWays.length.

However, the exact coin denominations have been lost. Your task is to recover the set of denominations that could have resulted in the given numWays array.

Return a sorted array containing unique integers which represents this set of denominations.

If no such set exists, return an empty array.

 

Example 1:

Input: numWays = [0,1,0,2,0,3,0,4,0,5]

Output: [2,4,6]

Explanation:

Amount Number of ways Explanation
1 0 There is no way to select coins with total value 1.
2 1 The only way is [2].
3 0 There is no way to select coins with total value 3.
4 2 The ways are [2, 2] and [4].
5 0 There is no way to select coins with total value 5.
6 3 The ways are [2, 2, 2], [2, 4], and [6].
7 0 There is no way to select coins with total value 7.
8 4 The ways are [2, 2, 2, 2], [2, 2, 4], [2, 6], and [4, 4].
9 0 There is no way to select coins with total value 9.
10 5 The ways are [2, 2, 2, 2, 2], [2, 2, 2, 4], [2, 4, 4], [2, 2, 6], and [4, 6].
Example 2:

Input: numWays = [1,2,2,3,4]

Output: [1,2,5]

Explanation:

Amount Number of ways Explanation
1 1 The only way is [1].
2 2 The ways are [1, 1] and [2].
3 2 The ways are [1, 1, 1] and [1, 2].
4 3 The ways are [1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 2], and [2, 2].
5 4 The ways are [1, 1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1, 1, 2], [1, 2, 2], and [5].

Example 3:

Input: numWays = [1,2,3,4,15]

Output: []

Explanation:

No set of denomination satisfies this array.

 

Constraints:

  • 1 <= numWays.length <= 100
  • 0 <= numWays[i] <= 2 * 108

Hints

Hint 1
Observe that for the smallest denomination <code>c</code>, you must have <code>numWays[c] == 1</code>.
Hint 2
Find the smallest <code>c > 0</code> with <code>numWays[c] == 1</code> and append <code>c</code> to your <code>ans</code> list.
Hint 3
"Remove" that coin’s contribution by doing, for each <code>s</code> from <code>c</code> up to <code>n</code>: numWays[s] -= numWays[s - c]
Hint 4
Repeat: pick the next smallest <code>c</code> with <code>numWays[c] == 1</code>, remove it, and so on.
Hint 5
At the end, if <code>numWays</code> is all zeros, your <code>ans</code> is valid; otherwise, return an empty array.

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